Role of Government and Non-Governmental Organizations in Combatting Open Defecation: Insights from Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria
Author(s): Ochiche, C. Abua; Itu; Prince-Charles O.; Uquetan, I. Uquetan; Onuoha, Edwin
Institute(s): 1,2 Dept of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar; 3,4 Department of Environmental and Resources Management, University of Calabar
Volume 4 / Issue 1
Abstract
Open defecation remains a significant public health challenge in many developing regions, including Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria. Despite various initiatives to curtail it, the practice still persists, posing severe risks to community health, the environment, and the overall well-being of residents. This study assessed the role of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in combatting open defecation in Calabar South, exploring the effectiveness of their strategies and identifying areas for improvement. Through the case study research design, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, data were collected from local residents, government officials, and NGO representatives. The findings revealed that 75% of the communities sampled experienced high level of open defecation. The study output also revealed that while government efforts, such as policy implementation and infrastructure development, had made some progress, significant gaps remained in enforcement and public awareness. NGOs played a crucial role in bridging these gaps, particularly in community mobilization, education, and the provision of sanitation facilities. The study identified inadequate funding, cultural resistance, and lack of coordination between stakeholders to hinder the overall effectiveness of these interventions. The study showed the need for more integrated approach, involving stronger collaboration between government bodies and NGOs, alongside increased community participation, is essential for achieving the complete eradication of open defecation in Calabar South.
Number of Pages: 14
Number of Words: 5936
First Page: 49
Last Page: 35